Knowing what you like and don't like is easy - its a gut reaction. There is nothing wrong with sniffing a few scents each time you go out looking for one that delights you.
Learning about perfume is like learning about wine. It takes time and some guidance and a lot of testing. And can be very fun.

I decided to take the time about a year ago using a selection of perfume samples identified by the gals at Perfume Posse and sold by The Perfumed Court. Then you have before you scents which illustrate the notes the best. That helped me a lot.